Augmented Repair and Regeneration of Critical Size Rabbit Calvaria Defects with 3D Printed Silk Fibroin Microfibers Reinforced PCL Composite Scaffolds

Treatment of critical size defects is quite challenging, often requiring autologous bone grafts for regeneration. A massive volume essential during this process to fill the defect leading donor site morbidity. Although 3D printed PCL scaffolds are frequently utilised correction procedures, there have been reports delayed biodegradation and inadequate tissue formation. To enhance regenerative potential, in study, silk form fibroin microfibers reinforced into matrix composite. Two variations were used: Antheraea mylitta Bombyx mori, has proven promote cell proliferation, adhesion, osteogenic potential. This work creates 8 mm a rabbit calvaria model test first time ever ability PCL-silk regenerate tissue. Micro-CT imaging histological examination performed 6 12 weeks after implantation revealed that scaffold-augmented considerably outgrew their PCL-scaffold-only counterparts control group terms neo-bone By weeks, had 47.4–50.3% growth was twice as high alone (16.7–19.9%). Similarly, by four times more (80–87.3%) new production than (18.6–22.4%). The promise fibroin-reinforced biomaterial pre-clinical clinical studies craniofacial reconstructive applications thus supported these results.